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| Optical System | Infinite |
| System Optical Magnification | 50-1000X |
| Expandable System Optical Magnification (Optional Parts Required) | 50-1600X |
| Total Magnification | 50-1000X |
| Standard Eyepiece | 10X Adjustable Eyepiece; 10X Reticle Adjustable Eyepiece |
| Standard Objective | 5X 10X 20X 50X 100X Infinity Plan Achromatic Dark Field Metallurgical Objective |
| System Field of View | Dia. 0.2-4mm |
| Expandable System Field of View | Dia. 0.12-4mm |
| System Working Distance | 0.7-10mm |
| Expandable System Working Distance | 0.16-10mm |
| 5X Infinity Long Working Distance Plan Achromatic Dark Field Metallurgical Objective | |
| Objective Optical System | Infinite |
| Objective Optical Magnification | 5X |
| Objective Type | Plan Achromatic Objective |
| Objective Parfocal Distance | 45mm |
| Numerical Aperture (N.A.) | N.A. 0.12 |
| Objective Immersion Media | Dry Objective |
| D/BD Objective | Dark Field Objective |
| Surface Treatment | Polished Chrome |
| Material | Metal |
| Color | Silver |
| Net Weight | 0.12kg (0.26lbs) |
| 10X Infinity Long Working Distance Plan Achromatic Dark Field Metallurgical Objective | |
| Objective Optical System | Infinite |
| Objective Optical Magnification | 10X |
| Objective Type | Plan Achromatic Objective |
| Objective Parfocal Distance | 45mm |
| Numerical Aperture (N.A.) | N.A. 0.25 |
| Objective Immersion Media | Dry Objective |
| D/BD Objective | Dark Field Objective |
| Surface Treatment | Polished Chrome |
| Material | Metal |
| Color | Silver |
| Net Weight | 0.12kg (0.26lbs) |
| 20X Infinity Long Working Distance Plan Achromatic Dark Field Metallurgical Objective | |
| Objective Optical System | Infinite |
| Objective Optical Magnification | 20X |
| Objective Type | Plan Achromatic Objective |
| Objective Parfocal Distance | 45mm |
| Objective Working Distance | 5mm |
| Numerical Aperture (N.A.) | N.A. 0.40 |
| Objective Immersion Media | Dry Objective |
| D/BD Objective | Dark Field Objective |
| Surface Treatment | Polished Chrome |
| Material | Metal |
| Color | Silver |
| Net Weight | 0.12kg (0.26lbs) |
| 50X Infinity Long Working Distance Plan Achromatic Dark Field Metallurgical Objective | |
| Objective Optical System | Infinite |
| Objective Optical Magnification | 50X |
| Objective Type | Plan Achromatic Objective |
| Objective Parfocal Distance | 45mm |
| Objective Working Distance | 1.24mm |
| Numerical Aperture (N.A.) | N.A. 0.12 |
| Objective Immersion Media | Dry Objective |
| D/BD Objective | Dark Field Objective |
| Surface Treatment | Polished Chrome |
| Material | Metal |
| Color | Silver |
| Net Weight | 0.12kg (0.26lbs) |
| 100X Infinity Long Working Distance Plan Achromatic Dark Field Metallurgical Objective | |
| Objective Optical System | Infinite |
| Objective Optical Magnification | 100X |
| Objective Type | Plan Achromatic Objective |
| Objective Parfocal Distance | 45mm |
| Objective Working Distance | 0.72mm |
| Numerical Aperture (N.A.) | N.A. 0.90 |
| Objective Immersion Media | Dry Objective |
| D/BD Objective | Dark Field Objective |
| Surface Treatment | Polished Chrome |
| Material | Metal |
| Color | Silver |
| Net Weight | 0.12kg (0.26lbs) |
| Inward/Outward Nosepiece | Nosepiece Inward |
| Number of Holes on Nosepiece | Quintuple (5) Holes |
| Nosepiece Switch Mode | Manual |
| Base Type | Illumination Base |
| Base Shape | Fan-Shape |
| Focus Mode | Manual |
| Coarse/Fine Focus Type | Coaxial Coarse/Fine Focus |
| Focus Distance | 30mm |
| Fine Focus Travel Distance | Same as Focus Distance |
| Fine Focus Distance per Rotation | 0.2mm |
| Fine Focus Minimum Scale | 2μm |
| Focus Limited | Limited |
| Focusing Knob Tightness Adjustable | Tightness Adjustable |
| XY Stage Travel Distance | 75x50mm |
| XY-Axis Drive Mode | Manual |
| Stage Platform Dimensions | 215x150mm |
| Illumination Type | HH Dual Illuminated Light |
| Top Illumination Type | Halogen Light |
| Bottom Illumination Type | Halogen Light |
| Aperture Diaphragm Mounting Position | Vertical Illuminator |
| Field Diaphragm Mounting Position | Vertical Illuminator |
| Filter Switch Type | Embedded Type |
| Output Power | 55W |
| Power Cord Connector Type | USA 3 Pins |
| Power Adapter | DC 5.5x2.5mm |
| Power Cable Length | 1.5m |
| Surface Treatment | Spray Paint |
| Material | Metal |
| Color | White |
| Net Weight | 13.8kg (30.4lbs) |
| MT0405 | MT04050213 |
Technical Info
| A metallurgical microscope is a microscope that uses incident illumination (also known as reflection light) to observe the metallurgical structure of the surface of a metal specimen and perform microscopic analysis. Metallurgical microscopic analysis is widely involved in the material microstructure, internal components, state imaging, and qualitative and quantitative analysis, including the quantitative and spatial distribution of the phase and tissue structure, composition, crystallization and sub-crystallization, non-metallic inclusions, and tissue defects of the materials etc. Metallurgical microscope is one of the important components of industrial microscope. In addition to observing metal surface, metallurgical microscope plays an important role in metal heat treatment and cold processing. It is no longer limited to metal research, as it is also widely applied in other opaque or translucent objects, including fibers, soils, minerals, crystals, ceramics, surface treatments, integrated circuits, LCD screens, and other industries. Modern Metallurgical microscope not only have good optical systems, but also combine optical microscope, photoelectric conversion technology, and computer image processing technology to easily observe metallurgical images and analyze and rate metallurgical maps. The quality of the image is the primary indicator of metallurgical microscope. Metallurgical microscope needs the basic conditions of optical imaging such as high brightness, high contrast, high resolution and good color reproduction. At the same time, due to the environment applied, the microscope needs to be solid and durable. Metallurgical microscope generally uses coaxial reflection light method. The illuminating light passes through a coaxial reflection illuminator, after rotating a 90 degree angle, it is irradiated vertically (or nearly vertically) to the surface of the object to be observed, and then reflected back into the eyepiece through the objective lens. Notes on the Use of Metallurgical Microscope: When the observed metal surface is too rough, due to the diffusing effect of the incident light, the microscope cannot observe its internal structure, grinding and polishing of the surface of the metal sample must be carried out. However, during the process, no tissue structural change should occur on the surface; when some metal structures have a particularly strong surface reflection, it is necessary to use a certain reagent for corrosion treatment, dissolve some components, and thus see the morphology of the tissue. Metallurgical microscope are complex in function and diverse in components, and often large-scale metallurgical microscope are modular and require self-installation and commissioning. Be sure to read the operating manual first and carefully check the completeness of the components. Prior to installation and use, installation and adjustment of location of components are required. In particular, the positional adjustment of the light source in the coaxial reflection illuminator has a very big influence on the brightness and uniformity of the imaging illumination. For more information on the use of metallurgical microscopes, please refer to the Biological Microscope Biomicroscope on the BoliOptics website. |
| Microscopes and components have two types of optical path design structures. One type is finite optical structural design, in which light passing through the objective lens is directed at the intermediate image plane (located in the front focal plane of the eyepiece) and converges at that point. The finite structure is an integrated design, with a compact structure, and it is a kind of economical microscope. Another type is infinite optical structural design, in which the light between the tube lens after passing the objective lens becomes "parallel light". Within this distance, various kinds of optical components necessary such as beam splitters or optical filters call be added, and at the same time, this kind of design has better imaging results. As the design is modular, it is also called modular microscope. The modular structure facilitates the addition of different imaging and lighting accessories in the middle of the system as required. The main components of infinite and finite, especially objective lens, are usually not interchangeable for use, and even if they can be imaged, the image quality will also have some defects. The separative two-objective lens structure of the dual-light path of stereo microscope (SZ/FS microscope) is also known as Greenough. Parallel optical microscope uses a parallel structure (PZ microscope), which is different from the separative two-object lens structure, and because its objective lens is one and the same, it is therefore also known as the CMO common main objective. |
| The magnification of the objective lens refers to the lateral magnification, it is the ratio of the image to the real size after the original image is magnified by the instrument. This multiple refers to the length or width of the magnified object. System optical magnification is the product of the eyepiece and the objective lens (objective lens zoom set) of the optical imaging part within the system. Optical magnification = eyepiece multiple X objective lens/objective lens set The maximum optical magnification of the microscope depends on the wavelength of the light to which the object is illuminated. The size of the object that can be observed must be greater than the wavelength of the light. Otherwise, the light cannot be reflected or transmitted, or recognized by the human eye. The shortest wavelength of ultraviolet light is 0.2 microns, so the resolution of the optical microscope in the visible range does not exceed 0.2 microns, or 200 nanometers. This size is converted to the magnification of the microscope, and it is the optical magnification of 2000X. Usually, the compound microscope can achieve 100X objective lens, the eyepiece is 20X, and the magnification can reach 2000X. If it is bigger, it will be called "invalid magnification", that is, the image is large, but the resolution is no longer increased, and no more details and information can be seen. |
| Total magnification is the magnification of the observed object finally obtained by the instrument. This magnification is often the product of the optical magnification and the electronic magnification. When it is only optically magnified, the total magnification will be the optical magnification. Total magnification = optical magnification X electronic magnification Total magnification = (objective X photo eyepiece) X (display size / camera sensor target ) |
| Field of View, is also called FOV. The field of view, or FOV, refers to the size of the object plane (i.e., the plane of the point of the observed object perpendicular to the optical axis), or of its conjugate plane (i.e., object to primary image distance), represented by a line value. System field of view is the size of the actual diameter of the image of the terminal display device of the instrument, such as the size of the image in the eyepiece or in the display. Field of view number refers to the diameter of the field diaphragm of the objective lens, or the diameter of the image plane formed by the field diaphragm. Field of view number of objective lens = field of view number of eyepiece / (objective magnification / mechanical tube length) Large field of view makes it easy to observe the full view and more range of the observed object, but the field of view (FOV) is inversely proportional to the magnification and inversely proportional to the resolution, that is, the larger the field of view, the smaller the magnification, and also the lower the resolution of the object to be observed. There are usually two ways to increase the field of view, one is to replace with an objective lens of a smaller multiple, or to replace with an eyepiece of a smaller multiple. |
| Working distance, also referred to as WD, is usually the vertical distance from the foremost surface end of the objective lens of the microscope to the surface of the observed object. When the working distance or WD is large, the space between the objective lens and the object to be observed is also large, which can facilitate operation and the use of corresponding lighting conditions. In general, system working distance is the working distance of the objective lens. When some other equipment, such as a light source etc., is used below the objective lens, the working distance (i.e., space) will become smaller. Working distance or WD is related to the design of the working distance of the objective lens. Generally speaking, the bigger the magnification of the objective lens, the smaller the working distance. Conversely, the smaller the magnification of the objective lens, the greater the working distance. When it is necessary to change the working distance requirement, it can be realized by changing the magnification of the objective lens. |
| The finite objective is the lateral magnification of the primary image formed by the objective at a prescribed distance. Infinite objective is the lateral magnification of the real image produced by the combination of the objective and the tube lens. Infinite objective magnification = tube lens focal length (mm) / objective focal length (mm) Lateral magnification of the image, that is, the ratio of the size of the image to the size of the object. The larger the magnification of the objective, the higher the resolution, the smaller the corresponding field of view, and the shorter the working distance. |
| In the case of polychromatic light imaging, the aberration caused by the light of different wavelengths becomes chromatic aberration. Achromatic aberration is to correct the axial chromatic aberration to the two line spectra (C line, F line); apochromatic aberration is to correct the three line spectra (C line, D line, F line). The objective is designed according to the achromaticity and the flatness of the field of view. It can be divided into the following categories. Achromatic objective: achromatic objective has corrected the chromatic aberration, spherical aberration, and comatic aberration. The chromatic portion of the achromatic objective has corrected only red and green, so when using achromatic objective, yellow-green filters are often used to reduce aberrations. The aberration of the achromatic objective in the center of the field of view is basically corrected, and as its structure is simple, the cost is low, it is commonly used in a microscope. Semi-plan achromatic objective: in addition to meeting the requirements of achromatic objective, the curvature of field and astigmatism of the objective should also be properly corrected. Plan achromatic objective: in addition to meeting the requirements of achromatic objectives, the curvature of field and astigmatism of the objective should also be well corrected. The plan objective provides a very good correction of the image plane curvature in the field of view of the objective, making the entire field of view smooth and easy to observe, especially in measurement it has achieved a more accurate effect. Plan semi-apochromatic objective: in addition to meeting the requirements of plan achromatic objective, it is necessary to well correct the secondary spectrum of the objective (the axial chromatic aberration of the C line and the F line). Plan apochromatic objective: in addition to meeting the requirements of plan achromatic objective, it is necessary to very well correct the tertiary spectrum of the objective (the axial chromatic aberration of the C line, the D line and the F line) and spherochromatic aberration. The apochromatic aberration has corrected the chromatic aberration in the range of red, green and purple (basically the entire visible light), and there is basically no limitation on the imaging effect of the light source. Generally, the apochromatic aberration is used in a high magnification objective. |
| Objective parfocal distance refers to the imaging distance between the objective shoulder and the uncovered object surface (referred to as the “object distance). It conforms to the microscope design, usually 45mm. The objective of different magnifications of the compound microscope has different lengths; when the distance between the objective shoulder and the object distance is the same, the focal length may not be adjusted when converting to objectives of different magnifications. |
| The objective working distance is the vertical distance from the foremost surface end of the objective of the microscope to the object surface to be observed. Generally, the greater the magnification, the higher the resolution of the objective, and the smaller the working distance, the smaller the field of view. Conversely, the smaller the magnification, the lower the resolution of the objective, and the greater the working distance, and greater the field of view. High-magnification objectives (such as 80X and 100X objectives) have a very short working distance. Be very careful when focusing for observation. Generally, it is after the objective is in position, the axial limit protection is locked, then the objective is moved away from the direction of the observed object. The relatively greater working distance leaves a relatively large space between the objective and the object to be observed. It is suitable for under microscope operation, and it is also easier to use more illumination methods. The defect is that it may reduce the numerical aperture of the objective, thereby reducing the resolution. |
| Numerical aperture, N.A. for short, is the product of the sinusoidal function value of the opening or solid angle of the beam reflected or refracted from the object into the mouth of the objective and the refractive index of the medium between the front lens of the objective and the object. Simply speaking, it is the magnitude of the luminous flux that can be brought in to the mouth of the objective adapter, the closer the objective to the specimen for observation, the greater the solid angle of the beam entering the mouth of the objective adapter, the greater the N.A. value, and the higher the resolution of the objective. When the mouth of the objective adapter is unchanged and the working distance between the objective and the specimen is constant, the refractive index of the medium will be of certain meaning. For example, the refractive index of air is 1, water is 1.33, and cedar oil is 1.515, therefore, when using an aqueous medium or cedar oil, a greater N.A. value can be obtained, thereby improving the resolution of the objective. Formula is： N.A. = refractive index of the medium X sin solid angle of the beam of the object entering the front lens frame of the objective/ 2 Numerical aperture of the objective. Usually, there is a calculation method for the magnification of the microscope. That is, the magnification of the microscope cannot exceed 1000X of the objective. For example, the numerical aperture of a 100X objective is 1.25, when using a 10X eyepiece, the total magnification is 1000X, far below 1.25 X 1000 = 1250X, then the image seen in the eyepiece is relatively clear; if a 20X eyepiece is used, the total magnification will reach 2000X, much higher than 1250X, then eventhoughthe image actually seen by the 20X eyepiece is relatively large, the effect will be relatively poor. |
| The use of different media between the objective and the object to be observed is to change and improve the resolution. For example, the refractive index of air is 1, water is 1.33, and cedar oil is 1.515. Therefore, when using an aqueous medium or cedar oil, a greater N.A. value can be obtained, thereby increasing the resolution of the objective. Air medium is called dry objective, where oil is used as medium iscalled oil immersion objective, and water medium is called water immersion objective. However, because of the working distance of the objective, when the working distance of the objective is too long, the use of liquid medium will be relatively more difficult, and it is generally used only on high magnification objective having a shorter working distance, such as objectives of 60X, 80X and 100X. When using oil immersion objective, first add a drop of cedar oil (objective oil) on the cover glass, then adjust the focus (fine adjustment) knob, and carefully observe it from under the side of the objective of the microscope, until the oil immersion objective is immersed in the cedar oil and close to the cover glass of the specimen, then use the eyepiece to observe, and use the fine focus knob to lift the tube until the clear imageof the specimen is clearly seen. The cedar oil should be added in an appropriate amount. After the oil immersion objective is used, it is necessary to use a piece of lens wiping tissue to dip xylene to wipe off the cedar oil, and then wipe dry the lens thoroughly with a lens wiping tissue. |
| Bright field objectives are used in bright field microscopy to allow direct light topass through the objective aperture and illuminate the background of the visible image. Objectives not labeled are generally bright field objectives. Dark field objectives are used in dark field microscopy to prevent direct light from passing through the aperture of the objective, thus giving a black background that makes the details of the image clearer and brighter. |
| Illumination base is a modular light source component, suitable for microscope stand base that has no light source of itself, and it is usually dedicated components supporting some stands. Illumination base typically includes at least one bottom lighting, and there are also illumination base that includes the circuit portion of the upper light source. |
| Focus mechanism, the coarse / fine focus knobs are in a coaxial center position, they are connected together by a gear reduction mechanism, which can be coarse/ fine focus adjusted at any time during the entire stroke. Generally, the coarse focus diameter is relatively big, which is inside close to the body of the microscope, and the fine focus diameter is relatively small, which is outside of the body of the microscope. Coarse focus adjustment is used to quickly move to find the image, and the fine focus adjustment is used to finely adjust the clarity of the image. Generally, the minimum read value of the fine focus adjustment can be accurate to 1 micron, and single circle can reach a stroke of 0.1 mm. Mechanical fine focus plays a very important role in the accuracy of the microscope resolution. If the fine focus accuracy is not enough, or cannot be stabilized at the sharpest focusing position, the image will be out of focus and become blurred. The tightness of coarse focus is generally adjustable. Generally, on one side of the knob (usually on the right side), there is a textured knob on the inside of the coarse knob, which is tightened if rotated clockwise; and loosened if rotated counterclockwise. In the process of focusing, direct focusing should not be on the objective of high magnification; instead, find the object of low magnification first, and gradually adjust to high magnification. Usually, the coarse focus knob is rotated first, and when the objective lens is gradually lowered or the platform is gradually rising, find the object, and then adjust with the fine focus, until the object image in the field of view is clear. Generally, when changing from low magnification to high magnification objective, one only need to slightly adjust the fine focus knob to make the object image clear. During the process, the distance between the objective and the specimen should be observed from the side, to understand the critical value of the object distance between the lens and the specimen. When using a high magnification objective, since the distance between the objective and the specimen is very close, after the image is found, the coarse focus knob cannot generally be used, and the fine focus knob can only be used to avoid excessive distance of movement, damaging the objective and the slide or specimen. By using the characteristics of the fine focus, the height or thickness of the observed object can be roughly measured under the microscope, such as measuring the thickness of the cell or tissue, the thickness of the cover glass, and the thickness of small objects that cannot be measured by various conventional measuring instruments. Method of measurement: place the object to be measured at the center of the field of view of the stage. After the image is clearly focused, try to use the highest magnification objective as much as possible, and align the adapter of the top feature point of the object to be measured. After adjusting clear, record the position of scale of the fine focus knob. Then, move the objective down to the adapter of the lowest feature point of the object to be measured, and record the position of scale of the fine focus knob. Then, according to the above fine focus, record the number of rounds of movement, and based on the parameters of conversion of each round into stroke (see the microscope fine focus knob parameters), the number of rounds is converted into the total stroke, which is the height of the object to be measured. If it is repeated a few times for average, a more accurate measurement can be obtained. |
| Mostly, at the junction of the compound microscope platform and the body, there is a longitudinal limit mechanism. When the limit mechanism is locked, the platform is prevented from moving up and colliding with the microscope objective, thereby damaging the specimen or destroying the lens. On its first use, use one specimen, applying 100X or the highest magnification lens, carefully find the clearest image, then lock the axial limit mechanism down, the focus mechanism will remember this position. When the focus is adjusted again to reach this position in the future, it will not go up again, and the platform or specimen will not touch the lens. |
| Different microscope bodies, different human operations, and different requirements for observation and operation, all require adjustment of the pre-tightening force of the stand that support microscope body. Facing the stand just right, use both hands to reverse the force to adjust the tightness. (face the knob of one side just right, clockwise is to tighten, counterclockwise is to loosen) In general, after long-time use, the knob will be loose, and adjustment is necessary. |
| After unpacking, carefully inspect the various random accessories and parts in the package to avoid omissions. In order to save space and ensure safety of components, some components will be placed outside the inner packaging box, so be careful of their inspection. For special packaging, it is generally after opening the box, all packaging boxes, protective foam, plastic bags should be kept for a period of time. If there is a problem during the return period, you can return or exchange the original. After the return period (usually 10-30 days, according to the manufacturer’s Instruction of Terms of Service), these packaging boxes may be disposed of if there is no problem. |
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| Desiccant Bag | 1 Bag | ||||||||||||||||||
| Dust Cover | 1pc | ||||||||||||||||||
| Product Instructions/Operation Manual | 1pc | ||||||||||||||||||
| Packing | |
| Packaging Type | Carton Packaging |
| Packaging Material | Corrugated Carton |
| Inner Packing Material | Plastic Bag |
| Ancillary Packaging Materials | Expanded Polystyrene |
| Gross Weight | 16.4kg (36.2lbs) |
| Minimum Packaging Quantity | 1pc |
| Transportation Carton | Carton Packaging |
| Transportation Carton Material | Corrugated Carton |
| Total Gross Weight of Transportation(kilogram) | 16.4 |
| Total Gross Weight of Transportation(pound) | 36.2 |
| Quantity of One Transportation Carton | 1pc |
