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| Centering Eyepiece ( Dia. 30) | |
| Centering Telescope Size for Eye Tube | Dia. 30mm |
| Surface Treatment | Electroplating Black |
| Material | Aluminum |
| Color | Black |
| Net Weight | 0.11kg (0.24lbs) |
| Applied Field | PH0302 Series Microscope |
| 10X Infinity Plan Achromatic Positive Phase Contrast Objective | |
| Objective Optical System | Infinite |
| Objective Optical Magnification | 10X |
| Objective Type | Plan Achromatic Objective |
| Objective Parfocal Distance | 45mm |
| Objective Focal Length | 20mm |
| Objective for Focal Length | 200mm |
| Objective Working Distance | 5.03mm |
| Numerical Aperture (N.A.) | N.A. 0.25 |
| Objective Resolution | 1.34μm |
| Objective Cover Glass Thickness | 0.17 |
| Objective Immersion Media | Dry Objective |
| Objective Screw Thread | RMS Standard (4/5 in. x1/36 in. ) |
| Phase Contrast Objective | Positive |
| Objective Outer Diameter | Dia. 21mm |
| Surface Treatment | Polished Chrome |
| Material | Metal |
| Color | Silver |
| Net Weight | 0.08kg (0.18lbs) |
| Applied Field | PH0302 Series Microscope |
| 40X Infinity Plan Achromatic Positive Phase Contrast Objective | |
| Objective Optical System | Infinite |
| Objective Optical Magnification | 40X |
| Objective Type | Plan Achromatic Objective |
| Objective Parfocal Distance | 45mm |
| Objective Focal Length | 5mm |
| Objective for Focal Length | 200mm |
| Objective Working Distance | 0.72mm |
| Numerical Aperture (N.A.) | N.A. 0.70 |
| Objective Resolution | 0.52μm |
| Objective Cover Glass Thickness | 0.17 |
| Objective Immersion Media | Dry Objective |
| Objective Screw Thread | RMS Standard (4/5 in. x1/36 in. ) |
| Phase Contrast Objective | Positive |
| Objective Outer Diameter | Dia. 21mm |
| Surface Treatment | Polished Chrome |
| Material | Metal |
| Color | Silver |
| Net Weight | 0.10kg (0.22lbs) |
| Applied Field | PH0302 Series Microscope |
| 100X Infinity Plan Achromatic Positive Phase Contrast Objective | |
| Objective Optical System | Infinite |
| Objective Optical Magnification | 100X |
| Objective Type | Plan Achromatic Objective |
| Objective Parfocal Distance | 45mm |
| Objective Focal Length | 2mm |
| Objective for Focal Length | 200mm |
| Objective Working Distance | 0.17mm |
| Numerical Aperture (N.A.) | N.A. 1.25 |
| Objective Resolution | 0.27μm |
| Objective Cover Glass Thickness | 0.17 |
| Objective Immersion Media | Oil Immersion Objective |
| Objective Screw Thread | RMS Standard (4/5 in. x1/36 in. ) |
| Phase Contrast Objective | Positive |
| Objective Outer Diameter | Dia. 21mm |
| Surface Treatment | Polished Chrome |
| Material | Metal |
| Color | Silver |
| Net Weight | 0.12kg (0.26lbs) |
| Applied Field | PH0302 Series Microscope |
| 10X Phase Contrast Holder | |
| Annular Phase Plate Holes | 1 Holes 1 Pieces |
| Objective Magnification of Phase Plate | 10X Phase Plate |
| Material | Plastic |
| Color | Black |
| Net Weight | 0.01kg (0.02lbs) |
| Applied Field | PH0302 Series Microscope |
| 40/60/100X Phase Contrast Holder | |
| Annular Phase Plate Holes | 1 Holes 1 Pieces |
| Objective Magnification of Phase Plate | 40X 60X 100X Phase Plate |
| Material | Plastic |
| Color | Black |
| Net Weight | 0.01kg (0.02lbs) |
| Applied Field | PH0302 Series Microscope |
Technical Info
| The conditions of different illumination of the microscope are a very important parameter. Choosing the correct illumination method can improve the resolution and contrast of the image, which is very important for observing the imaging of different objects. The wavelength of the light source is the most important factor affecting the resolution of the microscope. The wavelength of the light source must be smaller than the distance between the two points to be observed in order to be distinguished by the human eye. The resolution of the microscope is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the light source. Within the range of the visible light, the violet wavelength is the shortest, providing also the highest resolution. The wavelength of visible light is between 380~780nm, the maximum multiple of optical magnification is 1000-2000X, and the limit resolution of optical microscope is about 200nms. In order to be able to observe a much smaller object and increase the resolution of the microscope, it is necessary to use light having a much shorter wavelength as the light source. The most commonly used technical parameters for describing illumination are luminescence intensity and color temperature. Luminescence intensity, with lumen as unit, is the physical unit of luminous flux. The more lumens, the stronger the illumination. Color temperature, with K (Kelvin) as unit, is a unit of measure indicating the color component of the light. The color temperature of red is the lowest, then orange, yellow, white, and blue, all gradually increased, with the color temperature of blue being the highest. The light color of the incandescent lamp is warm white, its color temperature is 2700K, the color temperature of the halogen lamp is about 3000K, and the color temperature of the daylight fluorescent lamp is 6000K. A complex and complete lighting system can include a light source, a lampshade or lamp compartment, a condenser lens, a diaphragm, a variety of wavelength filters, a heat sink cooling system, a power supply, and a dimming device etc. Select and use different parts as needed. Of which, selection and use of the illuminating light source is the most important part of the microscope illumination system, as and other components are designed around the illuminating wavelength curve and characteristics of the illuminating light source. Some of the microscope light sources are pre-installed on the body or frame of the microscope, and some are independent. There are many types and shapes of light sources. Depending on the requirements of the microscope and the object to be observed, one type or multiple types of illumination at the same time can be selected. In addition, the whole beam and band adjustment of the light source, the position and illumination angle of the light source, and the intensity and brightness of the light all have a great influence on the imaging. For microscope imaging, a good lighting system may be a system that allows for more freedom of adjustment. In actual work, such as industry, too many adjustment mechanisms may affect the efficiency of use, therefore choose the appropriated configured lighting conditions is very important. |
| Also known as the centering eyepiece, or the cross reticle eyepiece. It is an eyepiece with a cross reticle, usually 10X. The cross reticle is calibrated and the cross is at the geometric center of the imaging surface of the eyepiece. The centering eyepiece is primarily used to adjust and verify the center of the optical axis of the microscope system, such as the centering action of the rotating platform for a polarizing microscope. The centering eyepiece can also be used to detect whether the optical axis of the microscope is at the center position, and whether the two optical paths on the left and right of the stereo microscope have double image, and so on. |
| Microscopes and components have two types of optical path design structures. One type is finite optical structural design, in which light passing through the objective lens is directed at the intermediate image plane (located in the front focal plane of the eyepiece) and converges at that point. The finite structure is an integrated design, with a compact structure, and it is a kind of economical microscope. Another type is infinite optical structural design, in which the light between the tube lens after passing the objective lens becomes "parallel light". Within this distance, various kinds of optical components necessary such as beam splitters or optical filters call be added, and at the same time, this kind of design has better imaging results. As the design is modular, it is also called modular microscope. The modular structure facilitates the addition of different imaging and lighting accessories in the middle of the system as required. The main components of infinite and finite, especially objective lens, are usually not interchangeable for use, and even if they can be imaged, the image quality will also have some defects. The separative two-objective lens structure of the dual-light path of stereo microscope (SZ/FS microscope) is also known as Greenough. Parallel optical microscope uses a parallel structure (PZ microscope), which is different from the separative two-object lens structure, and because its objective lens is one and the same, it is therefore also known as the CMO common main objective. |
| The finite objective is the lateral magnification of the primary image formed by the objective at a prescribed distance. Infinite objective is the lateral magnification of the real image produced by the combination of the objective and the tube lens. Infinite objective magnification = tube lens focal length (mm) / objective focal length (mm) Lateral magnification of the image, that is, the ratio of the size of the image to the size of the object. The larger the magnification of the objective, the higher the resolution, the smaller the corresponding field of view, and the shorter the working distance. |
| In the case of polychromatic light imaging, the aberration caused by the light of different wavelengths becomes chromatic aberration. Achromatic aberration is to correct the axial chromatic aberration to the two line spectra (C line, F line); apochromatic aberration is to correct the three line spectra (C line, D line, F line). The objective is designed according to the achromaticity and the flatness of the field of view. It can be divided into the following categories. Achromatic objective: achromatic objective has corrected the chromatic aberration, spherical aberration, and comatic aberration. The chromatic portion of the achromatic objective has corrected only red and green, so when using achromatic objective, yellow-green filters are often used to reduce aberrations. The aberration of the achromatic objective in the center of the field of view is basically corrected, and as its structure is simple, the cost is low, it is commonly used in a microscope. Semi-plan achromatic objective: in addition to meeting the requirements of achromatic objective, the curvature of field and astigmatism of the objective should also be properly corrected. Plan achromatic objective: in addition to meeting the requirements of achromatic objectives, the curvature of field and astigmatism of the objective should also be well corrected. The plan objective provides a very good correction of the image plane curvature in the field of view of the objective, making the entire field of view smooth and easy to observe, especially in measurement it has achieved a more accurate effect. Plan semi-apochromatic objective: in addition to meeting the requirements of plan achromatic objective, it is necessary to well correct the secondary spectrum of the objective (the axial chromatic aberration of the C line and the F line). Plan apochromatic objective: in addition to meeting the requirements of plan achromatic objective, it is necessary to very well correct the tertiary spectrum of the objective (the axial chromatic aberration of the C line, the D line and the F line) and spherochromatic aberration. The apochromatic aberration has corrected the chromatic aberration in the range of red, green and purple (basically the entire visible light), and there is basically no limitation on the imaging effect of the light source. Generally, the apochromatic aberration is used in a high magnification objective. |
| Objective parfocal distance refers to the imaging distance between the objective shoulder and the uncovered object surface (referred to as the “object distance). It conforms to the microscope design, usually 45mm. The objective of different magnifications of the compound microscope has different lengths; when the distance between the objective shoulder and the object distance is the same, the focal length may not be adjusted when converting to objectives of different magnifications. |
| Objective for focal length is a design parameter of the tube focal length of the microscope that the objective is suitable for. |
| The objective working distance is the vertical distance from the foremost surface end of the objective of the microscope to the object surface to be observed. Generally, the greater the magnification, the higher the resolution of the objective, and the smaller the working distance, the smaller the field of view. Conversely, the smaller the magnification, the lower the resolution of the objective, and the greater the working distance, and greater the field of view. High-magnification objectives (such as 80X and 100X objectives) have a very short working distance. Be very careful when focusing for observation. Generally, it is after the objective is in position, the axial limit protection is locked, then the objective is moved away from the direction of the observed object. The relatively greater working distance leaves a relatively large space between the objective and the object to be observed. It is suitable for under microscope operation, and it is also easier to use more illumination methods. The defect is that it may reduce the numerical aperture of the objective, thereby reducing the resolution. |
| Numerical aperture, N.A. for short, is the product of the sinusoidal function value of the opening or solid angle of the beam reflected or refracted from the object into the mouth of the objective and the refractive index of the medium between the front lens of the objective and the object. Simply speaking, it is the magnitude of the luminous flux that can be brought in to the mouth of the objective adapter, the closer the objective to the specimen for observation, the greater the solid angle of the beam entering the mouth of the objective adapter, the greater the N.A. value, and the higher the resolution of the objective. When the mouth of the objective adapter is unchanged and the working distance between the objective and the specimen is constant, the refractive index of the medium will be of certain meaning. For example, the refractive index of air is 1, water is 1.33, and cedar oil is 1.515, therefore, when using an aqueous medium or cedar oil, a greater N.A. value can be obtained, thereby improving the resolution of the objective. Formula is： N.A. = refractive index of the medium X sin solid angle of the beam of the object entering the front lens frame of the objective/ 2 Numerical aperture of the objective. Usually, there is a calculation method for the magnification of the microscope. That is, the magnification of the microscope cannot exceed 1000X of the objective. For example, the numerical aperture of a 100X objective is 1.25, when using a 10X eyepiece, the total magnification is 1000X, far below 1.25 X 1000 = 1250X, then the image seen in the eyepiece is relatively clear; if a 20X eyepiece is used, the total magnification will reach 2000X, much higher than 1250X, then eventhoughthe image actually seen by the 20X eyepiece is relatively large, the effect will be relatively poor. |
| Objective resolution is the distance that can be distinguished between the two mass points on the object plane, or the number of pairs that can be distinguished within 1mm of the image place. Usually, its unit is expressed as the number of pairs/mm. In general, the greater the magnification, the higher the resolution. Under the same objective magnification, the greater the numerical aperture (N.A.) of the objective, the higher the resolution of the objective. Numerical aperture (N.A.) is the most important technical index reflecting the resolution of the objective. The objective is located at the forefront of the object being observed. When the objective magnifies and forms an image, the rear eyepieces and other equipment are to magnify again. When the eyepiece magnifies enough, one may only get a large enough but blurred image. Therefore, if the front-end objective cannot distinguish, neither can the rear device or equipment distinguish againmore information. The objective is the most important part of a microscope. |
| The thickness of the cover glass affects the parfocal distance of the objective. Usually, in the design of the focal length of the objective,the thickness of the cover glass should be considered, and the standard is 0.17mm. |
| The use of different media between the objective and the object to be observed is to change and improve the resolution. For example, the refractive index of air is 1, water is 1.33, and cedar oil is 1.515. Therefore, when using an aqueous medium or cedar oil, a greater N.A. value can be obtained, thereby increasing the resolution of the objective. Air medium is called dry objective, where oil is used as medium iscalled oil immersion objective, and water medium is called water immersion objective. However, because of the working distance of the objective, when the working distance of the objective is too long, the use of liquid medium will be relatively more difficult, and it is generally used only on high magnification objective having a shorter working distance, such as objectives of 60X, 80X and 100X. When using oil immersion objective, first add a drop of cedar oil (objective oil) on the cover glass, then adjust the focus (fine adjustment) knob, and carefully observe it from under the side of the objective of the microscope, until the oil immersion objective is immersed in the cedar oil and close to the cover glass of the specimen, then use the eyepiece to observe, and use the fine focus knob to lift the tube until the clear imageof the specimen is clearly seen. The cedar oil should be added in an appropriate amount. After the oil immersion objective is used, it is necessary to use a piece of lens wiping tissue to dip xylene to wipe off the cedar oil, and then wipe dry the lens thoroughly with a lens wiping tissue. |
| For microscopes of different manufacturers and different models, the thread size of their objectives may also be different. In general, the objective threads are available in two standard sizes, allowing similar objectives between different manufacturers to be used interchangeably. One is the British system: RMS type objective thread: 4/5in X 1/36in, One is metric: M25 X 0.75mm thread. |
| Phase contrast objective is an objective applied to phase contrast microscope. Phase contrast objective needs to be used in conjunction with phase contrast ring plate matching the objective magnification. It is divided into positive phase contrast objective and negative phase contrast objective. Phase contrast objective is a kind of objective equipped with phase plate which is mounted on the back image focal point of the objective, and its purpose is to absorb part of the light,extend the optical path of part of the light, or delay the phase of part of the direct or diffracted light passing through the phased annular diaphragm, producing a phase difference that makes the various structural features clearer. |
| Phase contrast kit mainly includes annular diaphragm, phase contrast objective with a phase plate, and a phase telescope for central alignment. The annular diaphragm is placed near the aperture diaphragm, and there are single pieces, some are combined into a diaphragm group. There are also some that make the annular diaphragm into a turntable and combine together with the condenser. The annular diaphragm is to use a glass, coated with metal film, to block the light. When the light passes through the narrow slit of the diaphragm, it forms a hollow light cone, and different diaphragms are used corresponding to different objective lenses so as to generate diffraction and interference effects. The phase plate is mounted on the back image focal point of the objective lens. It is to use a piece of glass, coated with a light absorbing material (magnesium fluoride or other electrolyte) and a layer of metal film at the ring that is transparent to the corresponding annular diaphragm, so that the phase of direct or diffracted light passing through the phased annular diaphragm can be delayed by 1/4λ. The phase plate absorbs part of the light, extends the optical path and delays the phase of part of the light. After the two beams of light are combined, the interference is strengthened, and the vibration amplitude is increased or decreased, resulting in a phase difference, which makes various structural features more clear. Phase plates are usually used in two forms: Negative contrast: delay the direct light by 1/4λ. After the two sets of light waves are combined, the light waves are added, the vibration amplitude is increased, and the specimen structure becomes much brighter than the surrounding medium, forming a bright contrast. Positive contrast: delay the diffracted light by 1/4λ. After the two sets of light are combined, the light waves are subtracted, the vibration amplitude is reduced, and the specimen structure becomes much darker than the surrounding medium, forming a dark contrast. Annular diaphragm and phase plate adjustment Phase telescope works on the coaxial correction of the annular diaphragm and the phase plate. When using a phase-aligned telescope, it temporarily replaces one eyepiece, adjust and focus the image of the object on the phase plate, and then observe and adjust the auxiliary lens of the condenser. Adjust the annular diaphragm and the right corresponding to the phase plate to its concentric position, so that the beam of the annular diaphragm and the phase ring of the phase plate are the same size, and the annular beam is completely projected on the phase ring. Some microscopes have a Berrand lens that can be switched in the optical path, which is to correct the position of the annular diaphragm and phase plate. When using, screw the Bertrand lens into the optical path, adjust the focus and see the images of the annular diaphragm and the phase plate, after adjusting its position, rotate the Bertrand lens out of the optical path. |
| After unpacking, carefully inspect the various random accessories and parts in the package to avoid omissions. In order to save space and ensure safety of components, some components will be placed outside the inner packaging box, so be careful of their inspection. For special packaging, it is generally after opening the box, all packaging boxes, protective foam, plastic bags should be kept for a period of time. If there is a problem during the return period, you can return or exchange the original. After the return period (usually 10-30 days, according to the manufacturer’s Instruction of Terms of Service), these packaging boxes may be disposed of if there is no problem. |
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| Parts Including |
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| Packing | |
| Packaging Type | Carton Packaging |
| Packaging Material | Corrugated Carton |
| Packaging Dimensions(1) | 23x20.5x9cm (9.055x8.07x3.545″) |
| Inner Packing Material | Plastic Bag |
| Ancillary Packaging Materials | Pulp Mold |
| Gross Weight | 1.15kg (2.54lbs) |
| Transportation Carton | Carton Packaging |
| Transportation Carton Material | Corrugated Carton |
| Transportation Carton Dimensions(1) | 23x20.5x9cm (9.055x8.07x3.545″) |
| Total Gross Weight of Transportation(kilogram) | 1.15 |
| Total Gross Weight of Transportation(pound) | 2.54 |
