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| Centering Eyepiece ( Dia. 23.2) | |
| Centering Telescope Size for Eye Tube | Dia. 23.2mm |
| Surface Treatment | Electroplating Black |
| Material | Metal |
| Color | Black |
| Net Weight | 0.064kg (0.141lbs) |
| Applied Field | PH1304 Series Microscope |
| 10X Plan Achromatic Phase Contrast Objective | |
| Objective Optical System | Finite |
| Objective Optical Magnification | 10X |
| Objective Type | Phase Contrast Objective |
| Objective Parfocal Distance | 45mm |
| Objective Focal Length | 15.13mm |
| Objective for Mechanical Tube Length | 160mm |
| Objective Working Distance | 13.57mm |
| Numerical Aperture (N.A.) | N.A. 0.25 |
| Objective Cover Glass Thickness | 0.17 |
| Objective Immersion Media | Dry Objective |
| Objective Screw Thread | RMS Standard (4/5 in. x1/36 in. ) |
| Objective Outer Diameter | Dia. 24mm |
| Surface Treatment | Polished Chrome |
| Material | Metal |
| Color | Silver |
| Net Weight | 0.08kg (0.18lbs) |
| Applied Field | PH1304 Series Microscope |
| 20X Plan Achromatic Phase Contrast Objective | |
| Objective Optical System | Finite |
| Objective Optical Magnification | 20X |
| Objective Type | Phase Contrast Objective |
| Objective Parfocal Distance | 45mm |
| Objective Focal Length | 8.262mm |
| Objective for Mechanical Tube Length | 160mm |
| Objective Working Distance | 6mm |
| Numerical Aperture (N.A.) | N.A. 0.40 |
| Objective Cover Glass Thickness | 0.17 |
| Objective Immersion Media | Dry Objective |
| Objective Screw Thread | RMS Standard (4/5 in. x1/36 in. ) |
| Objective Outer Diameter | Dia. 24mm |
| Surface Treatment | Polished Chrome |
| Material | Metal |
| Color | Silver |
| Net Weight | 0.096kg (0.212lbs) |
| Applied Field | PH1304 Series Microscope |
| 40X Plan Achromatic Phase Contrast Objective | |
| Objective Optical System | Finite |
| Objective Optical Magnification | 40X |
| Objective Type | Phase Contrast Objective |
| Objective Parfocal Distance | 45mm |
| Objective Focal Length | 4.15mm |
| Objective for Mechanical Tube Length | 160mm |
| Objective Working Distance | 0.59mm |
| Numerical Aperture (N.A.) | N.A. 0.65 |
| Objective Cover Glass Thickness | 0.17 |
| Objective Immersion Media | Dry Objective |
| Spring Mounted Objective | Spring Mounted objective |
| Objective Screw Thread | RMS Standard (4/5 in. x1/36 in. ) |
| Objective Outer Diameter | Dia. 24mm |
| Surface Treatment | Polished Chrome |
| Material | Metal |
| Color | Silver |
| Net Weight | 0.11kg (0.24lbs) |
| Applied Field | PH1304 Series Microscope |
| 100X Plan Achromatic Phase Contrast Objective | |
| Objective Optical System | Finite |
| Objective Optical Magnification | 100X |
| Objective Type | Phase Contrast Objective |
| Objective Parfocal Distance | 45mm |
| Objective Focal Length | 1.725mm |
| Objective for Mechanical Tube Length | 160mm |
| Objective Working Distance | 0.207mm |
| Numerical Aperture (N.A.) | N.A. 1.25 |
| Objective Cover Glass Thickness | 0.17 |
| Objective Immersion Media | Oil Immersion Objective |
| Spring Mounted Objective | Spring Mounted objective |
| Objective Screw Thread | RMS Standard (4/5 in. x1/36 in. ) |
| Objective Outer Diameter | Dia. 24mm |
| Surface Treatment | Polished Chrome |
| Material | Metal |
| Color | Silver |
| Net Weight | 0.11kg (0.24lbs) |
| Applied Field | PH1304 Series Microscope |
| Condenser Type | Turret Type |
| Condenser Mount Size | Dia. 37mm |
| Dry/Oil Type | Dry |
| Applicable Range of Objective | 10-100X |
| Condenser Adjustable | Adjustable |
| Condenser Max. Numerical Aperture | N.A. 1.25 |
| Condenser Mounting Flange Size | Fastening Screw |
| Number of Filter Slots | 1 |
| Surface Treatment | Electroplating Black |
| Material | Metal |
| Color | Black |
| Net Weight | 0.30kg (0.66lbs) |
| Applied Field | PH1304 Series Microscope |
| 32mm Filter (Green) | |
| Filter Color | Green |
| Filter Size | Dia. 32mm |
| Material | Glass |
| Net Weight | 0.002kg (0.004lbs) |
| Applied Field | For BM0503, BM0504, BM0505, BM1401, BM1403, BM1404, BM1307, BM1303, BM1304, PL1302, BM0301, NIKON-E100 Series Microscope |
Technical Info
| The conditions of different illumination of the microscope are a very important parameter. Choosing the correct illumination method can improve the resolution and contrast of the image, which is very important for observing the imaging of different objects. The wavelength of the light source is the most important factor affecting the resolution of the microscope. The wavelength of the light source must be smaller than the distance between the two points to be observed in order to be distinguished by the human eye. The resolution of the microscope is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the light source. Within the range of the visible light, the violet wavelength is the shortest, providing also the highest resolution. The wavelength of visible light is between 380~780nm, the maximum multiple of optical magnification is 1000-2000X, and the limit resolution of optical microscope is about 200nms. In order to be able to observe a much smaller object and increase the resolution of the microscope, it is necessary to use light having a much shorter wavelength as the light source. The most commonly used technical parameters for describing illumination are luminescence intensity and color temperature. Luminescence intensity, with lumen as unit, is the physical unit of luminous flux. The more lumens, the stronger the illumination. Color temperature, with K (Kelvin) as unit, is a unit of measure indicating the color component of the light. The color temperature of red is the lowest, then orange, yellow, white, and blue, all gradually increased, with the color temperature of blue being the highest. The light color of the incandescent lamp is warm white, its color temperature is 2700K, the color temperature of the halogen lamp is about 3000K, and the color temperature of the daylight fluorescent lamp is 6000K. A complex and complete lighting system can include a light source, a lampshade or lamp compartment, a condenser lens, a diaphragm, a variety of wavelength filters, a heat sink cooling system, a power supply, and a dimming device etc. Select and use different parts as needed. Of which, selection and use of the illuminating light source is the most important part of the microscope illumination system, as and other components are designed around the illuminating wavelength curve and characteristics of the illuminating light source. Some of the microscope light sources are pre-installed on the body or frame of the microscope, and some are independent. There are many types and shapes of light sources. Depending on the requirements of the microscope and the object to be observed, one type or multiple types of illumination at the same time can be selected. In addition, the whole beam and band adjustment of the light source, the position and illumination angle of the light source, and the intensity and brightness of the light all have a great influence on the imaging. For microscope imaging, a good lighting system may be a system that allows for more freedom of adjustment. In actual work, such as industry, too many adjustment mechanisms may affect the efficiency of use, therefore choose the appropriated configured lighting conditions is very important. |
| Also known as the centering eyepiece, or the cross reticle eyepiece. It is an eyepiece with a cross reticle, usually 10X. The cross reticle is calibrated and the cross is at the geometric center of the imaging surface of the eyepiece. The centering eyepiece is primarily used to adjust and verify the center of the optical axis of the microscope system, such as the centering action of the rotating platform for a polarizing microscope. The centering eyepiece can also be used to detect whether the optical axis of the microscope is at the center position, and whether the two optical paths on the left and right of the stereo microscope have double image, and so on. |
| Microscopes and components have two types of optical path design structures. One type is finite optical structural design, in which light passing through the objective lens is directed at the intermediate image plane (located in the front focal plane of the eyepiece) and converges at that point. The finite structure is an integrated design, with a compact structure, and it is a kind of economical microscope. Another type is infinite optical structural design, in which the light between the tube lens after passing the objective lens becomes "parallel light". Within this distance, various kinds of optical components necessary such as beam splitters or optical filters call be added, and at the same time, this kind of design has better imaging results. As the design is modular, it is also called modular microscope. The modular structure facilitates the addition of different imaging and lighting accessories in the middle of the system as required. The main components of infinite and finite, especially objective lens, are usually not interchangeable for use, and even if they can be imaged, the image quality will also have some defects. The separative two-objective lens structure of the dual-light path of stereo microscope (SZ/FS microscope) is also known as Greenough. Parallel optical microscope uses a parallel structure (PZ microscope), which is different from the separative two-object lens structure, and because its objective lens is one and the same, it is therefore also known as the CMO common main objective. |
| The finite objective is the lateral magnification of the primary image formed by the objective at a prescribed distance. Infinite objective is the lateral magnification of the real image produced by the combination of the objective and the tube lens. Infinite objective magnification = tube lens focal length (mm) / objective focal length (mm) Lateral magnification of the image, that is, the ratio of the size of the image to the size of the object. The larger the magnification of the objective, the higher the resolution, the smaller the corresponding field of view, and the shorter the working distance. |
| In the case of polychromatic light imaging, the aberration caused by the light of different wavelengths becomes chromatic aberration. Achromatic aberration is to correct the axial chromatic aberration to the two line spectra (C line, F line); apochromatic aberration is to correct the three line spectra (C line, D line, F line). The objective is designed according to the achromaticity and the flatness of the field of view. It can be divided into the following categories. Achromatic objective: achromatic objective has corrected the chromatic aberration, spherical aberration, and comatic aberration. The chromatic portion of the achromatic objective has corrected only red and green, so when using achromatic objective, yellow-green filters are often used to reduce aberrations. The aberration of the achromatic objective in the center of the field of view is basically corrected, and as its structure is simple, the cost is low, it is commonly used in a microscope. Semi-plan achromatic objective: in addition to meeting the requirements of achromatic objective, the curvature of field and astigmatism of the objective should also be properly corrected. Plan achromatic objective: in addition to meeting the requirements of achromatic objectives, the curvature of field and astigmatism of the objective should also be well corrected. The plan objective provides a very good correction of the image plane curvature in the field of view of the objective, making the entire field of view smooth and easy to observe, especially in measurement it has achieved a more accurate effect. Plan semi-apochromatic objective: in addition to meeting the requirements of plan achromatic objective, it is necessary to well correct the secondary spectrum of the objective (the axial chromatic aberration of the C line and the F line). Plan apochromatic objective: in addition to meeting the requirements of plan achromatic objective, it is necessary to very well correct the tertiary spectrum of the objective (the axial chromatic aberration of the C line, the D line and the F line) and spherochromatic aberration. The apochromatic aberration has corrected the chromatic aberration in the range of red, green and purple (basically the entire visible light), and there is basically no limitation on the imaging effect of the light source. Generally, the apochromatic aberration is used in a high magnification objective. |
| Objective parfocal distance refers to the imaging distance between the objective shoulder and the uncovered object surface (referred to as the “object distance). It conforms to the microscope design, usually 45mm. The objective of different magnifications of the compound microscope has different lengths; when the distance between the objective shoulder and the object distance is the same, the focal length may not be adjusted when converting to objectives of different magnifications. |
| Objective for mechanical tube length is a design parameter of the mechanical tube length of the microscope that the objective is suitable for. |
| The objective working distance is the vertical distance from the foremost surface end of the objective of the microscope to the object surface to be observed. Generally, the greater the magnification, the higher the resolution of the objective, and the smaller the working distance, the smaller the field of view. Conversely, the smaller the magnification, the lower the resolution of the objective, and the greater the working distance, and greater the field of view. High-magnification objectives (such as 80X and 100X objectives) have a very short working distance. Be very careful when focusing for observation. Generally, it is after the objective is in position, the axial limit protection is locked, then the objective is moved away from the direction of the observed object. The relatively greater working distance leaves a relatively large space between the objective and the object to be observed. It is suitable for under microscope operation, and it is also easier to use more illumination methods. The defect is that it may reduce the numerical aperture of the objective, thereby reducing the resolution. |
| Numerical aperture, N.A. for short, is the product of the sinusoidal function value of the opening or solid angle of the beam reflected or refracted from the object into the mouth of the objective and the refractive index of the medium between the front lens of the objective and the object. Simply speaking, it is the magnitude of the luminous flux that can be brought in to the mouth of the objective adapter, the closer the objective to the specimen for observation, the greater the solid angle of the beam entering the mouth of the objective adapter, the greater the N.A. value, and the higher the resolution of the objective. When the mouth of the objective adapter is unchanged and the working distance between the objective and the specimen is constant, the refractive index of the medium will be of certain meaning. For example, the refractive index of air is 1, water is 1.33, and cedar oil is 1.515, therefore, when using an aqueous medium or cedar oil, a greater N.A. value can be obtained, thereby improving the resolution of the objective. Formula is： N.A. = refractive index of the medium X sin solid angle of the beam of the object entering the front lens frame of the objective/ 2 Numerical aperture of the objective. Usually, there is a calculation method for the magnification of the microscope. That is, the magnification of the microscope cannot exceed 1000X of the objective. For example, the numerical aperture of a 100X objective is 1.25, when using a 10X eyepiece, the total magnification is 1000X, far below 1.25 X 1000 = 1250X, then the image seen in the eyepiece is relatively clear; if a 20X eyepiece is used, the total magnification will reach 2000X, much higher than 1250X, then eventhoughthe image actually seen by the 20X eyepiece is relatively large, the effect will be relatively poor. |
| The thickness of the cover glass affects the parfocal distance of the objective. Usually, in the design of the focal length of the objective,the thickness of the cover glass should be considered, and the standard is 0.17mm. |
| The use of different media between the objective and the object to be observed is to change and improve the resolution. For example, the refractive index of air is 1, water is 1.33, and cedar oil is 1.515. Therefore, when using an aqueous medium or cedar oil, a greater N.A. value can be obtained, thereby increasing the resolution of the objective. Air medium is called dry objective, where oil is used as medium iscalled oil immersion objective, and water medium is called water immersion objective. However, because of the working distance of the objective, when the working distance of the objective is too long, the use of liquid medium will be relatively more difficult, and it is generally used only on high magnification objective having a shorter working distance, such as objectives of 60X, 80X and 100X. When using oil immersion objective, first add a drop of cedar oil (objective oil) on the cover glass, then adjust the focus (fine adjustment) knob, and carefully observe it from under the side of the objective of the microscope, until the oil immersion objective is immersed in the cedar oil and close to the cover glass of the specimen, then use the eyepiece to observe, and use the fine focus knob to lift the tube until the clear imageof the specimen is clearly seen. The cedar oil should be added in an appropriate amount. After the oil immersion objective is used, it is necessary to use a piece of lens wiping tissue to dip xylene to wipe off the cedar oil, and then wipe dry the lens thoroughly with a lens wiping tissue. |
| The front end of the objective is equipped with a spring device. When the working distance of the objective is too short, focusing can easily make the objective contact the object to be observed, thereby damaging the object to be observed or the front lens. At this time, the spring acts to recover the front end of the objective lens. It is usually used on high magnification objectives with very short working distances. |
| For microscopes of different manufacturers and different models, the thread size of their objectives may also be different. In general, the objective threads are available in two standard sizes, allowing similar objectives between different manufacturers to be used interchangeably. One is the British system: RMS type objective thread: 4/5in X 1/36in, One is metric: M25 X 0.75mm thread. |
| Color filter is a type of filter that allows light of only a certain wavelength and color range to pass, while light of other wavelengths is intercepted. Color filter is made of colored glass, and it has various bandwidths and color for selection. Both artificial light source (lamp light) and natural light (daylight) are all full-color light, including seven colors, namely, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and purple. As the microscope illumination, different types of light sources have different color temperatures and brightness. In order to adjust the color of the light source, it is necessary to install a filtering device at the light exit port of the light source, so that the spectrum of a certain wavelength band is transmitted or blocked. Color filter generally can only be added to the illumination path to change the color of the illumination source and improve the contrast of the image, but generally it is not installed in the imaging path system, which affect the image quality. There are many types of color filters. In addition to the color requirements, color filters of different colors also contribute to the imaging quality. Color filters using the same color will brighten the color of the image. Of the traditional daylight filter, there are relatively more red and yellow light in the lamp light, the resolution is not high, and the observation is not comfortable. The use of daylight filter can absorb the color between yellow to red spectrum emitted by the light source, thus the color temperature becomes much closer to daylight, making microscope observation more comfortable, and it is one of the most used microscope color filters. Daylight blue filter can get close to the daylight spectrum, obtain more short-wave illumination, and improve the resolution of the objective lens. For example, using blue color filter (λ=0.44 microns) can improve the resolution by 25% than green color filter (λ=0.55 microns). Therefore, blue color filter can improve the resolution, and improve the image effect observed under the microscope. However, the human eye is sensitive to green light with a wavelength of about 0.55 microns. When using blue color filters for photomicrography, it is often not easy to focus on the projection screen. Yellow and green filters: both yellow and green filters can increase the contrast (i.e. contrast ratio) of details of the specimen. As far as the achromatic objective lens is concerned, the aberrations in the yellow and green bands are better corrected. Therefore, when yellow and green color filters are used, only yellow and green light passes, and the aberration will be reduced, thereby improving the imaging quality. For semi-apochromatic and apochromat objectives, the focus of visible light is concentrated. In principle, any color filter can be used, but if yellow and green filters are used, the color will make the human eye feel comfortable and soft. Red filter. Red has the longest wavelength and the lowest resolution in visible light. However, red light image can filter and eliminate the variegated background in the image. Therefore, so it has a very good effect for some applications that do not require color features for identification, and the edges and contours of the image are also the clearest, which is more accurate for measurement. Medium gray filters, also known as neural density filters, or ND for short, can uniformly reduce visible light. It is suitable for photomicrography and connection to computer monitors for observation. ND can be used for exposure control and good light absorption, and reduce the light intensity while not changing the color temperature of the microscope light source. |
| After unpacking, carefully inspect the various random accessories and parts in the package to avoid omissions. In order to save space and ensure safety of components, some components will be placed outside the inner packaging box, so be careful of their inspection. For special packaging, it is generally after opening the box, all packaging boxes, protective foam, plastic bags should be kept for a period of time. If there is a problem during the return period, you can return or exchange the original. After the return period (usually 10-30 days, according to the manufacturer’s Instruction of Terms of Service), these packaging boxes may be disposed of if there is no problem. |
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| Parts Including |
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| Packing | |
| Packaging Type | Carton Packaging |
| Packaging Material | Corrugated Carton |
| Packaging Dimensions(1) | 31x21x10.5cm (12.205x8.268x4.134″) |
| Inner Packing Material | Plastic Bag |
| Ancillary Packaging Materials | Expanded Polystyrene |
| Gross Weight | 1.39kg (3.06lbs) |
| Transportation Carton | Carton Packaging |
| Transportation Carton Material | Corrugated Carton |
| Transportation Carton Dimensions(1) | 31x21x10.5cm (12.205x8.268x4.134″) |
| Total Gross Weight of Transportation(kilogram) | 1.39 |
| Total Gross Weight of Transportation(pound) | 3.06 |
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